CVII

CVII - was ill all yesterday by taking 2
cups of very sweet malofu or beer made
from bananas - shall touch it no more

7th April 1871 made this ink with the seeds
5of a plant called by the Arabs Zingifure
It is known in India and here is used
by the Manyema to dye virambas and
ornament their       faces and heads
I sent my people over to the other side
10to cut wood to build a house for me
The borrowed one I live in hads mud
walls & floors which are damp foul
smelling and unwholesome -   I shall
have grass walls and grass & reeds
15on the floor - of my own house - the
free ventilation will keep it sweet
This is the season called Masika - The
finishing rains - We have rain
in large quantity almost every night
20and I could scarcely travel even if I
had a canoe - but still it is trying to
be kept back by suspicion and by
the wickedness of the wicked - The
Arabs are very kind to me [  ]nding cooked
25food every day - I taught Abed to
make a Mosquito curtain of thin
print - He endured the persecution of
these insects sleeping on a high stage
when they were very numerous -

30

    The Manyema are not trustworthy &
they bring evil on themselves often
Paid one yesterday to bring a large
canoe - He brought one capable only of
carrying three and after men waited
35some hours we have to put of crossing
till tomorrow -

CVIII

CVIII. 8th April 1871 Every headman of 33
four or five huts is a Mologhwe Begin or chief and
glories in being called so -    there is no political
cohesion - The Ujijian sla[   ]y is an accursed
5system but it must be admitted that the
Manyema too have faults the result of
ignorance of other peoples - Their isolation
has made them as unconscious of danger
in dealing with the cruel strangers as little
10dogs in the presence of lions -       their
refusal to sell or lend canoes for fear of
blame by each other will be ended by the
party of Dugumbe which has 10 head-
men taking them by force - they are
15unreasonable and bloodyminded to-
-wards each other - Every Manyema would
like every other headman slain - They are
subjected to bitter lessons & sore experience

        Abed went over to Mologhwe Kahemba
20and mixed blood with him - He was told
that two large canoes were hollowed out
and nearly ready to be brought for sale
If this can be managed peaceably it is a
great point gained and I may get one at
25an Arab's   price which may be 3 or 4
times the native price - Heavy rains
almost every night would prevent my
progress at   present even if I had a canoe
There is no love lost among the three Arabs here

---

30

    9th Rainy - but sent off people to cut
wood for house - The Loeki is said
by slaves to be larger than this
but we expect Abed's party back
from it in a few days with correct
35information on that & other
points - people said to be
very fierce & dangerous
to the       Ujijians

CIX

CIX. 10th April 1871 Market today -
over 700 market people passed my door
It seems a pleasure of life to haggle & joke
and laugh & cheat - many go away with
5care worn countenances - many are
old and carry heavy loads of dried
cassava earthenpots which they dispose
of for oil     fish and relishes for their
food -      The men go flaunting in
10gaudy lambas and carry little save
their iron wares fowls & grass cloth
Bought two fishes with long snouts
very good eating

---

12th    New ℂ last night of 4th Arab
15month - New house to be finished
today - The affair of Mteza resolves
itself   into a a party of 25 Turks from
Suez under Ishmael coming up to
Lower Tanganyika & living on an
20island - Took ivory by force and
then - went away but five went to
visit Mteza - He was kind to them
                        when powder was     spent
Afterwards ^ all ran away leaving all
25their ill gotten ivory -     Mteza said
to be circumcised & to order his people
to undergo the rite but so many
lies are told one can believe nothing
The idea of a mission seems first
30to have entered the Arab mind by
the beginning of bp Mackenzies - but
tales very from Mteza walking in
white and reading the Koran in
Arabic to the missionary getting
35500 slaves & 500 frasilahs of ivory
                and nothing else being done

CX

CX. 13 April 1871 came into my new 35
house yesterday the first of the 4th Arab
a great comfort for the other was foul
full of vermin & bad smelling -    Bugs
5and Kapassi Arab accompaniements
made me miserable - Manyema huts
are all clean in comparison - Killed
a goat and gave the same beads that
were refused - These slaves require to
10know that they are not the masters -
Abed says if slaves think that you fear
them they climb over you = This is
true - I clothed mine for nothing     they
thought that my kindness was fear and
15tried to ride rough shod over me -

---

      Mologhwe Kahemba came over
and says that he will bring a canoe for
sale - Loeki due west of this is three
days off - Its confluence is four
20days down Lualaba and all declare
it to be bosoa very large indeed -

---

14th Market today - Kahemba gave to
Abed two slaves as a present = I
have been writing part of a Despatch
25in case of meeting people from the French
settlement on the Gaboon at Loeki
but the canoe affair is slow & tedious
The people think only of war - getting
up a war against some one else as
30price of it!     They are a bloody minded
race - our protests for peace are
considered false = and that war in
some way is meant by buying a canoe
or getting one at all         9

CXI

  CXI 15th April the river Lomamo enters
Lualaba a short distance below this but
on the Western bank - a spring of brine
rises in its bed & the people cook it
5down and sell the salt - The Lomamo
is deep and is crossed by canoes of
Rashid & people call it the Lofubu
Lofubu and not Lomamo -
Nganze is further down and a
10market is held on its Northern
bank

---

16th April - It is believed that
serampSerampela gave Rashid
one three ^ (4) slaves as a present to the Arab
15traders here and Rashid keeps two
of them and declares that these were
given to him by the chief - this is
the sort of dishonesty all practise if
they possibly can =     The evidence is
20not clear and Rashid will leave as
soon as possible and sell the slaves
ere the truth can be clearly known
This vitiates his evidence about the
cannibalism - but here they eat war captives
25# and say that some buy a slave
with   a   goat and eat him

---

17th Rainy

18th    Market here - The Lepidosiren alive
in pots of water - White ants roasted
30a chetina and another common snail
Lepidosiren is called Sembe - Abed
went a long way to see canoe but
it was still further and he turned

{figure}       19th Dreary waiting but Abed
35          proposes to come & trade along
          with me this will render
          the party stronger and he
            will not shoot people in
            my company - We shall
40              hear Katomba's peoples
              story too

{text description}
[[ ]gnao
[   ]ml]

CXII

CXII 20th April 1871[                  ]
chief was to visit us yesterday but failed 37
probably through fear - Rashid got four
slaves by promising to bring a large body of
5men to attack chipange - came here and
after a deal of wrangling went off South
and will sell the slaves quickly so as to
end the matter - no honour among these
half castes -

10

    The chief Mokandira says that Loeki
is small where it joins Lualaba but
another which they call the Lomame
is very much larger & joins Lualaba to
but further down - Rapids reported

---

15

  21st a common salutation here is
Ule hatsi - thou art on earth = Ua tala
thou lookest - Ua boka ^ or Uyoka thou awakest
Ule Koni - thou are here - U ri ho - thou
art here =

20

They deny cannibalism as common {figure} - they
eat only a man taken ^ or   killed in war - say
the meat is not good - and it makes
one dream of the man killed - some
West of Lualaba buy a slave with a
25goat in order to eat him and eat him
they do - yet they are a fine looking race

Kunzi ^ or Kusi is North - Mhuru = South
ñkanda West or other side Lualaba
Mazimba = East = Bagenya people
30of West of Lualaba -      (Kanayumbe R. & island)

---

---

  22nd Market here - The chief chimburu
came over but I did not see him - He is
said to be very handsome & light coloured {figure} {figure}
Moene Lualaba or Mologhwe Nyangwe
35came too but I was not told who
he was till too late to do him honour
There are so many chiefs who shake
hands as a privilege it is confusing - they
touch one hand then clap both theirs together on
40the chest - this is       repeated twice         10

CXIII

CXIII - 23d April 1871. Journal
            24 Do        Do Kamolondo is
about ^ twenty five miles broad   The Lufira at
Katanga is a full bowshot wide - It goes
5into Kamolondo - Lui means water
only       Kayumba chakoma is
East of Lufira junction   Kikonzi
Kalanzais on the West of it and
Mkana of the underground dwellings
10still further West -     some are only 2
days from Katanga = Charwe people
are friendly - Kamolondo about ten
days distant from Katanga

---

  25th News have come of four men
15sent near to this to buy ivory - were
pressed to go to war and then a war
made when 2 were killed - We can go
no where but the people wish us   to go
to kill others - a dreadful state truly

---

20

They force on a war against others by getting
traders to go ostensibly for trade then
send word that war is coming and
call out here it is - They a fray takes
place inspite of all traders can do -
25The Manyema are bloodminded & no
mistake - I refused to send my men
to bring back Abed and Hassani's
people they would only add to the con
fusion being as bloodthirsty as the
30Manyema where no danger exists
Where the people can fight traders and
people are as civil as possible - At
Moenyempandes Bogharib left a
debt of 28 slaves and did not dare to
35fire a gun - Here his people bound
the headmen of villages till tusks were
brought for mere nothing - It is a
sad   sad tale to tell as this Manyem
villainy     The Lord look on it

CXIV

  CXIV note for   letter -
        In reading about the Fountains of the Nile 38
in boyhood the idea suggested by the words
of the ancient historian was that the head
5waters welled up out of one ^ "ain" or eye and therein
without visible cause parted ^ to the North and
        to the       As       a         mere conjecture         or trader
^ South - # Possibly the primitive traveller ^ who
visited these springs ^ described them corre
10ctly enough in ^ non scientific common language as
issuing from one spot without dwelling
                        which is not apparent to the eye
on the fact ^ that though from one place
they gushed forth ^ on to from opposite slopes
15of the watershed - The ancient priests who
heard his tale may have understood it
naturally but the supernatural agreed
best with all their notions or then The
                lifting up its head from the unseen abyss
20wonderful river ^ and the marvellous
was transmitted to the time of [     ]Herodotus
in preference to the plain - The two
conical hills Crophi and Mophi
between which the fountains were
25said to be situated seem to be later
embellishments of the primitive story

---

        I am tired and weary - Have had a
perfect surfeit of seeing the grand
panorama of nature unfolding itself
30in mountain valley woodland Buga
or prairie - The glorious tropical
vegetation in all is richness ^ beauty and
Majestic forms - peoples - beasts
Lakes and river and humanity in
35endless variety and of beautiful form
Winwoode Reade seems to have hit the
exact truth in say that the typical negroe is
not the West Coast African on whose
form & features an unhealthy climate
40has told injuriously for ages but the
ancient Egyptian is the true negro
though all our ideas of Africans [       ]
[   ]to[     ]                            of human[    ]         11

[figure]

CXV

CXV - 26 April 1871 - Journal Chitoka
called Abed's nine slaves and asked their
countries and tribes - one with his front
                                                when he        was
5upper teeth extracted ^ about ten years of age
belongs to the Malobo tribe on the
other side of the Loeki - another comes
from the river Lombadzo or
Lombazo on the West of Loeki This
10may be another name for the Lomame
His country is called Ñañga and
(Ñoñgo) the tribe Ñoñgo - His chief         Mpunzo

          The Malobo tribe is under Yuñga
& Lomadyo - another ^ toothless slave a mere boy
15said he came from Lomame but his
statement was made in fear - the other
two declared positively that no traders came
into their country - this promises ivory
for Abed who is now eager to embark
20but not more so than I am - We look
anxiously for the return of Katomba's
and Abeds people with news as to the
way

---

---

        27th waiting anxiously but we
25cannot hasten people far off - Even
the owners of the canoes cannot be
moved -"Yes Yes we shall bring them"
but they do not stir = they doubt us

---

---

  28th Sun - Abed sending off to other
30side to buy slaves - a pretty woman
for 300     cowries and 100 strings of beads
she can be sold again for ivory -     We
hear of a half caste reaching the other
side of Lomame - probably from
35Congo or Ambriz - but reporters had
not seen him -

  a man with ten slaves digging
malachite at Katanga for 3 months
gains a hundred frasilahs of copper {figure}
40It is very cheap - fountains
eight days from Katanga S =

CXVI

CXVI. note for letter These four fountains seem to be 12
what the Egyptians priests ^ learned men of remote antiquity 41
considered to be the chief sources of the ^ renowned river
of Egypt which five for its beneficial effects ^
5                                                # and mysterious source
they regarded devoutly viewed as an emblem of the Deity
In my letter from Ujiji in 1869 which
I fear has been destroyed I described
the structure of the Watershed and added
10information about Lake Lake Bangweolo
as a supplement to a letter of   July 1868
The copy is at Ujiji so I now give from
memory some idea of its contents as
explanatiery of the springs of the Nile
15which the      ancients may not have
known - The watershed situated between
ten and twelve South Latitude is between
700 & 800 miles in length - the general
height is between 4000 & 5000 feet above
20the level of the sea but mountains rise
stand at various parts of it which
are between 6000 & 7000 feet above
[   ] ocean - These are what Ptolemy
put down for reasons ^ now unknown as
25"The mountains of the Moon"- Large flat
patches of the watershed elevation are
                                        with slightly depressed valleys
^ flat upland forest ^ the trees on which
        one or         two miles apart         on the stems
30shew by their branches and the lichens ^
that the prevailing winds & rains are
from the South East - Their are nNo
runnels to guide off the abundant
                        from             the flats
35tropical rains - The water sinks into
the somewhat sandy soil until it comes
to a stratum of prime white river sand su[  ]
ted on a bed of hardened soft yellow
sand^stone which being impervious   to
40water guides the fluid ^ it to the nearest
valley -   This structure was found
prevailing in the Kalahari Desert
when Mr Oswell and I digged for
water for our oxen in the sucking
45places of the     Bushmen and
Bakalahari

Fragment
      of
Original
50
of{Dr} Livingstones
Journal
in Africa

CXVII

CXVII note The valleys into which the water is 40
led are covered with a thick sward of wiry
damp loving grass & other aquatic plants up
to the verge of the forest - no bushes or trees
5can live on the oozing earthen mantle
which supports the long grass and is
itself supported on water and the pearl
white ^ river sand above mentioned - The
nearest approach to oozing earthen
10sponge is our "Bog" but here we have
no   peat nor yet the, in the sun, the
mosses or Heaths from which peat
is formed - The earthen sponge is a
great specific gravity and     though
15constantly pouring out clear what
water ^ [which] descends into the centre of the
valley & forms a perennial rill = it is
only when the rains have supersat[  ]ated
the     flats and the slopes of the valleys
20are so full as to lift up the whole
earthen sponge that the natural
valves by it weight was shut opens
especially the valves at         its lower end
and the water of innundation in
25all the upland streams is gently let
go - The ensuing floods happen
towards the close of the rainy season
and even after the rains have
entirely ceased     the water generally
30                Then [                        ]
is clear -     near the centre of all the
valleys on the watershed a rivulet
is formed whose perennial
flow is fed on each bank by 30
35or a hundred yards of oozing sponge
[ ]ranches ^ rills enter it on all its course
down and these rills & rivulets
are almost innumerable - that
is it would require more than half
40a mans lifetime to count them
a birds eye view of them     would
appear somewhat like the vegetation
[  ] frost on our window panes
or more closely the vegetation

CXVIII

CXVIII Note in Canada Balsam which mad 42 13
philosophical Instrument makers insist on
putting between the object lenses of the object
[ ]lasses of our Telescopes - These are the
5                                                        the great rivers of
primary or ultimate sources of ^ the Congo
Zambesi and Nile - By their union
streams of from 20 to 30 yards broad are
formed     and these again converge into
10three ^ or four great lines of drainage = Large
Lacustrine rivers = extant specimens
of those which in prehistoric times
abounded in Africa - The Lakes and
                no large river begins in a           Lake
15Lake rivers are not sources ^ but they
serve Bosoa = great somewhat the same end as
the cisterns made to regulate the supply
of water in our artificial canals
the natural valves of the watershed
20The Lakes and the lacustrine rivers
unite in the important object
of holding back the sudden flushes
which otherwise would follow the
Tropical rains - In other cases of this [country]
25[ ]mall insignificant rivers
suddenly swell = a perfect
wall of water rushes down without
warning and in the memory of
persons     still living whole car[ ]vans
30of slaves in the chains have been
swept away before they could escape
to higher ground in the immediate
vicinity - Without the determining restraining
machinery of natural valves and ^ Friction
35Riverein ^ to[    ]ns lakes broad above and
^ narrow below - a seven days Tropical
rain would make the grand old
Nile assume the character of a
mountain torrent and rush up
40with a "bore" compared to which

CXIX

  CXIX. Note The "bore" of the Hooeley at Calcutta 43
                                would - would carry
a mere bagatella ^ carrying destruction or
death on its roaring       waters, instead
5of as by the kind ^ arrangement hand of Providence
it has done for ^ ages bearing by its slow
majestic swell and overflow fertility
and life to the millions of upper and
lower Egypt - the arrangement
10which has from time immemorial
prevented the Nile from being a
curse always also detains a volume
of water tile ^ to   be slowly let off sufficient
to supply the enormous evaporation
15from a river which with remarkably
few influents in the more arid
part of its course and whose length
measured in Latitude and Longitude
from the sources to the sea is
20about three thousand miles -

---

---

    Beginning of Despatch which the Lord
grant I may have to write

        I have the pleasure of reporting to
your Lordship that ^ at last I have succeeded in
25reaching four remarkable fountains
on the watershed of this ^ inland country in -
each of which becomes at no great
distance off a large river - They rise
from the base of an earthen of        land swell of -
30mound which can scarcely be called
a hill as it is only about --- above
the general level     It is covered with
wiry grass but neither bushes nor
trees though the country adjacent is all
35covered with upland forest - In my letter
of November last year I mentioned
from hearing that the fountains were
not ten miles apart - I ought to have
said not a quarter of a mile apart
40for by pacing I found the two fountains
on the North side just about ---

CXX

note CXX - I was not aware of Mr Young's search trip up 39 the
Shire and Nyassa till February 1871 but feel
extremely thankful to H M Government and
all concerned in kindly inquiring after my
5fate - Musa and his companions are fair
average speciments of the lower class of
Muhamadans of Arab extraction on the in East

---

---

Africa - Surampela a chief near Loeki -
[ ]island Ibwe = chipange another gave
10    Syde bin Sultans people to attack Sura
Lofubu river 300 yards by canoe -
300 [     ]    at Kimburu ^ Chinungwe R      Ñanze
                  by canoe =             Kansari a
man             of Kimburu here today
15these             chiefs were visited by Rashid
who             returned today - country
extremely muddy & full of rills - The
Lofubu is a large river 300 yds & deep
crossed by canoes - The Nganze is
20another about 250 yds - canoes [   ]
The captives we met before crossing
here were Surampela people - He is
a great chief - good looking and kind
though he had suffered severely by the
25kindred of Rashid - He invited
Rashid to see a cannibal feast by some
of his people who had five victims all
cut up   some pieces roasted and some
boiled - saw human flesh actually eaten
30Recieved two slaves as a present and
plenty of provisions but no ivory - was
near the Loeki - the country is called
Ibwe

---

---

CXXI

    CXXI note. NKoñgolo = deity Manyema

---

          Hassani  has travelled much
but has a curious idea of the drainage
Lufira and Lualaba West begin ftns
5each 3 fathoms broad = Lunga is
2 fathoms Do  Hill between the four
fountains about a quarter of a mile
across without trees - He thinks
that Lufira and Lualaba both         go
10into Kamolondo which he says
is as broad as Moero - say 20          miles
His sketch confused enough is
{figure}

    He confuses the flow up
15and down = says that
another river rises in
Lunda which becomes
the Lomame West
of all Lualabas and it joins this
20Lualaba far down

  From Katanga to Luivi R 3 days
From Luivi to Charwe 7 days
From Mpweto's to Nyembwakunda    5 days
From Chisabi to Nyembwe Kunda 3 days
25Kipeta another Lekulwe River
Lofuvi Do

---

Usambe R to Lualaba West from East
Makara R Do Uyawa - Uyawa
Kirira a promontory enclosed
30Katapa

From Mpweto to Nyembe K 5 days
and 3 from Chisabi[ ] Moenye Do
Kayumbe to Nyembwe a[  ] 6 days

CXXII

CXXII - note
      I was not aware of Mr Youngs search
trip up Shire & Nyassa till February 1871         36
but feel am extremely thankful to H M Government
5and all concerned in kindly enquiring
after my fate - Musa and his companions
are fair average specimens ^ of the lower
classes of Muhamadans in East Africa
# for heartlessness and falsehood
10The Sultan who knows his people better
than anyone else cannot entrust any
branch of his revenue to even the better
classes of his subjects but places all his
customs ^ income and money affairs in the hands
15of Banians from India and his father did
the same before him - When the Muhama
dan gentlemen of Zanzibar are asked
why their Sultan places all his pecuniary
affairs in the hands of aliens they at
20once frankly assert that it is on account
of their almost universal falsehood
and dishonesty - In their case religion
and morality are completely disjoined
    ostentatious         promises dont imply decency
25 Hence the idea of making any sacrifice
[      ] to propagate Islam is to them a farce
and in all their long intercourse
with the natives on the mainland
they have propogated nothing but
30syphilis and the domestic Bug - With
the disease they have been unfort
unhappily ^ too successful and the wide
prevalence skin disease and bleared
eyes therefrom in their own offspring
35makes it apparent that unlimited
polygamy is no barrier to the spread
of this foul complaint - Neither
Portuguese nor Arabs have sold trade
brandy to the natives - the only reason
40I can discover for this great difference
between the East and West coasts is
that they are all too eager topers of it
themselves to carry it any distance

CXXIII

CXXIII. Journal = 29th April 1871 Abed
made some more red ink of Zingifure
for me - This is what I now write with

---

---

30th chitoka here = added up the Rain
5fall in Manyema of 1870-7[ ] chiefly at
Bambarre = 61-98 inches - at
Mamohela it was rather scanty this
year - at Bambarre very copious -

      Confused reports come of the traders
10men two days distant but on the other
side - Have remained two months -
though sent for a few days - Went to fight
got between two rivers the bridges of which
were cut and several were killed in the
15water - no dependance can be placed on
any one - I refused to send my slaves
because they would only add to the con-
-fusion and murder - If they go
anywhere I must go with them or
20murder is certain - The loss in this
case is part of the process of teaching
the Ujijians -"Thou shalt not kill"-

    - Saw pieces of a remarkable spotted
fish with scales and tail prolonged
25above {figure}                                            all those who
come to                                             the market
are eager traders and go off     with a little
oil - salt - pepper shell fish and snails
Eels - clarias capensis - Beans
30cloth - iron of fine quality worked
to shew its goodness {figure} #
into long thin spindles at each end of
a knob of metal = Red bananas
appear and the oil is only a string of
35beads for about a gallon - the old
women look careworn and anxious
The carry large loads to & from the
market The men wear a very
long lamba made up in folds
40like a kilt - the women have the
worst of it

CXXIV

  CXXIV Journal 1st May 1871 Wednesday - 34
# Katomba's people arrived having cossed
R. Lindi & reached the Babira where they got a[ ]
much ivory as could be carried away
5at 2 rings each tusk - The Babire kill
elephants now and brought tusks
for sale by the dozen - they dress the
hair like Bashukulompis upright -
and no quarrel occurred = My friends
10here are eager to be off and I am eager for
a canoe - Lualaba becomes very large
after recieving the Nyengere black
water - six miles at least and it has
forest on each side - From the Shamikw
15# Shamikwa it recieves probably Bakers
water -     another water still larger
falls into it from the South West - This
probably the Lomame to which black
traders come to buy oil - an animal
20with short horns and large body called
Bangala exists - horns brought =

2nd May - send a letter to Dr Kirk by
                Moenemokaia to buy no
more goods - but send letters to Ujiji
25I send three to bring away Abeds men
from Chipange but something hurried
up to shew war was meant and I refrain

---

      3rd Got names of sleeping places
from Mvarawa on to crossing Lualaba
30onto Abire - Good people all - no
quarrels with any one -

    Abed says confidentially that a canoe
will come in about 5 days - He is very
anxious to go himself to be first in
35the ivory market - says that word
came after me not to help me for I was
sure to die whither I was going - The
wish is father to the wicked thought
They hate me and it is well they do

CXXV

    CXXV. Journal       4th May 1871 -
Kasongo's people were struck of a great Friend
-ship with me came to the market of today &
brought 60 pieces of lambas = They go
5away and promise to bring me knives
and a sword for cloth - the metal is very
precious at the Babire - about 2000
people come to market - cassava dried
is exchanged for fish salt and oil = Iron
10for lamba's Brava went of yeter-
day with my letters to to Kirk & Agnes

---

---

      5th Heavy rains - Abed informed
me that men had come for goats to
enable them to secure people to drag a
15large canoe from the forest where it
has been cut & hollowed out to the
Lualaba - this so far is progress but
he needs one or two for himself and
will serve himself first though I
20shall have to pay an enormous price
for it

---

---

      6th Foggy morning - Men
returned from Chipange when
beads were done - Two killed
25slaves without honour or honesty

---

---

      7th Raining with rolling thunder
of Masika - a great body of
fleecy cloud drifts fast from the
North - The same often comes
30from the S=E-. Abed said that
he would give me the first canoe
he got and would tell me the price -

---

---

    8th I promised to lend Abed
half my people if he would come away
35as soon as we get the two canoes -
This would enable him to trade well
even before his own people returned
from the West - was glad of the offer
He has eighty frasilahs of the
40Matunda beads &c strings

CXXVI

CXXVI Journal = 8th Chitoka = bring a 32
tusk among the Babire - Zulampela's
people went off today homewards - [     ]

9th River rising steadily & covering an island

5

10th = the chief Pyanamomba came yesterday
from the other side South West - is of same
family as Kimburu - Abed bought two
and a half frasilahs of copper bracelets
with cowries =     many white birds pass
10 North = daily =   one is Ibis religiosa

---

---

          11th River rising fast and bringing
great quantities of aquatic grass & duckweed
colour of water a little darker than at Cairo
People leaving islands for the higher forest
15lands - men brought one canoe down to the
water yesterday = and the men off trading
on our West are heard of as near - When
they come we shall set off though with only
one canoe - Babire very friendly - they
20are on this side the Lindi - The Benya
on the other side use bows and arrows
They are not spoiled yet by the slaves =

            A man here told me that he was going
to fight on the West of Lualaba and eat
25those killed - Human flesh said he is better
than goats - saltish and even peppery - the
people here do not deny cannibalism save
as to people not slain in war - some say
it is not nice to eat their victims for they
30dream of them afterwards - they throw away
the heads = Women never partake of it
in any part of Manyema - nor the young -

---

---

            Afternoon Abed's people returned
at 2 PM from 2 days distance from
35Lomame - with a great number
of slaves and 16 tusks - "My soul is wearied
because of murderers" Abed says they must
be shot down these people - They want
to fight and eat us - great crowds
40were slain as population is dense

CXXVII

  CXXVII Journal 11th May continued -
Lomame very large - Water black - goes into
Lualaba below this - People smelt copper
and it is very cheap = They were very civil &
5kind to the strangers but terrible fellows among
themselves   and at last provoked
an attack in which many of the Bakuss
were killed and eighty captives taken
the s[  ]angers losing not a man - or
10even being wounded - They redeemed their
friends with slaves - ! !

---

---

      12th a set in rain from Nor West
did not deter the market today - people
came singing and sheltered with mats
15as the copper is very cheap a supply is to
be sent for by the traders the day after to
morrow - 5 days to go 5 to trade and 5 to
return them down Lualaba - Abed
says he can put the one canoe all to
20rights in a few days that is put
thole pins and helm in - He melts
copper tomorrow - I have to submit
and do it as graciously as I can - fine
tastefully wrought virambas are
25made -     and coffee comes from
West bank of Lomame - The people
are very numerous and very handsome
all look better than Banyamwezi -
It is a perfect haul of slaves for all -

---

---

30

            13th people were shot down
though standing in amazement at
the guns as thunder & lightning -
great numbers fell - they refused
passage through their country -
35They have coffee plantations and
drink it after eating handing small
cupsful to all around - I send to
buy some - It seems good but
driled in the fruit rind -

CXXVIII

  CXXVIII Journal 13th May 1871 continued 30
I wrote to Moenemokaia to be sure & take all my
goods out of Shereefs hands & deliver them to Moenye
-ghere & Syd bin Majid - and should Shereef prove
5troublesome to     beat him - and s[ ]nd him
off for not obeying consul's orders - [   ]afe too
and to send me by some one a sh[  ]t a
pair of trousers and one frasilah of
samsam beads = If I find them on coming
10from the fountains back to Lualaba
they will be a boon - If lost no great harm
is done - an armring of copper 1½ thick
for one string of beads - ! Dura Pennis-
-etum & maize grown largely - among
15the Bakuss - who make wale but not
porridge of them - they wash regularly
Houses of two stories - little clothing
used - women slaves here have rather
rounded compressed heads but very
20pleasant faces - & ancient Egyptian
round eyes = When they saw guns
they thought that they were the insignia
of the strangers chiefs - a long staff &
a knob on the lower end blackened
25with some medicine being the usual
official staff of chiefs = they feared
the Banyamwezi bows when drawn towards
them but guns taking aim were not
dreaded -       their effects aroused mute
30astonishment and looking up to the clouds
They use a very long handled spear darting
out from the long grass but keeping it
in hand - Their numbers are prodigious
The country literally swarms with people
35save a few patches of forest and great
pools of standing water waist chest and
neck deep which slowly drains off to the
Lomame - Many markets along their
route to which people come from far -
40Marketting is as great an Institution
perhaps greater than shopping among
ourselves -

CXXIX

CXXIX Journal - 14th May 1871 - Men
sent to buy copper on West of Lualaba and
one man to hasten the canoe - The ownrs
said to be sick

5

15th[  ] crossing the river Abed found
that [  ]ssani had played him false
with [ ]he canoes and turned right
about to go off down river to the
ivory - I approved of this and
10advised him to go and I would
help him to get copper by going up
Lomame from the confluence - He
will be nearer the copper mines
than we are now, and be buying ivory
15all the time I was up at the copper &
exploring -   the canoe is to come to
me today and Abed delivers it to me

      a row with two of my slaves
though they can employ Manyema
20to bring grass wood everything
with the beads I give - I offered
the two ringleaders their discharge
This damped them woefully =
It is their misfortune to be slaves
25and mine to be dependant on them -
the headman who sells the canoe and has
recieved 600 cowries of the price came
today - Karenga - It has not been
moved an inch towards the water
30though he got 3 goats to eat while dragging
it - !

---

---

16th a long talk with my mutineers
refuse to go unless Arabs were in
prow to go to - The loss of wages and
35prospective punishment had an effect
as explained by Hassani - I told him
that they were deserting me to be recieved
by him This alarmed him & made
him earnest in declaring that they
40should not remain with him - This
is now blown over -

CXXX

CXXX Journal - 16th May 1871 continued 26
Abed gave me a frasilah of Mantun[ ]a b[  ]ds
They alone pass current down riv[ ]r [          ]
have none - I gave him 7 dotis of [        ]
5American sheeting - i e 28 yar[ ] [  ]ich
is handsome payment -     an [   ]sually
large attendance at market today - 3000
at least - they catch the live Lepido siren
by the neck and lift him out to see his
10size - fish very abundant -   Earthen balls
such as is eaten in Safura were exposed
for sale and camwood ground and made
into small flat cakes -     There is quite a
roar of voices during all the time of haggling

---

---

15

    17th The disturbance about beads
was all a pretence in order to vex
me - I gave beads to buy provisions
this morning as canoe will certainly
come presently - they let it out that
20they wished to go home to Zanzibar
This has been uppermost in
their minds all the way to Bambarre
and from thence here - They asked a
writing of permission or a pass
25which I refused - I shall wait
for Dugumbe = here as the mud is
excessive in front to the Luira R.

---

---

      18th resolved to take the guns from
the mutineers as bought with my mone  y
30in this Abed and Hassani agreed
and said they were all at my servi  ce
did not make a noise about it bu  t
my demand was followed by several
wishing to go forward - they are
35senseless slaves with no honour

CXXXI

CXXXI - Note Journal - 18th May 1871 contin =
a goat so fat it could scarcely walk sold
for a treble string of beads {figure} fattened with
dura [ ] pennisetum & given in the village

---

---

5

[    ] Abed gave me 200 cowries
and [  ] strings of a greenish bead
very much admired by all here -
advises me to return to Ujiji as the
Banian slaves are sure to desert
10in front - spoke to them to give
up their guns and be gone but
all now professed willingness to go
on so being eager to finish my
work if possible I run the risk and
15gave beads to buy provisions - I shall
do a little work and meantime Dug-
-umbe may arrive and I shall hire
men if he will at a thousand
dollars or £200 - When worried by
20these untoward circumstances the
bowels plague me too and discharges
of blood relieve headache and
are as safety valves to the system
which I should not have had if I had
25allowed Mr Syme to operate on me
Sir Roderick told me that his father
was operated upon by the famous
John Hunter and died at the early
age of forty in consequence
30He himself spoiled his saddles
when a soldier by frequent
discharges from the Piles but
would never submit to an operation
and he is now eighty years
35of age -
Turn to other sheet - CXXXII

CXXXII [v.1]

CXXXII Note - the Zingifure with which 29
this is written is declared to be a good remedy
for curing the itch which plagues very
many both Arabs and natives

---

5

        Near Lomame adultery is punished
by selling the culprit - his wife - Father-
children - a woman here was sold thus
for the crime of her husband =     She
was bought for ¾ lbs of beads -     They
10all wash regularly and are cleanskin
-ned in consequence - dont know
porridge - all their grain is cooked as
"wale" in which the grains do not
cohere as with rice properly boiled -

15

    The men are reckless fellows - one
was trying to sell a bracelet and it
being refused he lifted his spear and
made as if to plunge it into the
strangers chest - "Barter I say" said
20he in a brow beating way - This foolish
overbearing way was sometimes ans-
-wered by a ball in the chest and it
was scarcely to be wondered at for
pacific means were by Abeds orders fairly
25tried - presents to the chiefs - payment
of all guides - making friends with
influential men whose influence
was to be used on the strangers side but
generally in rain when far into this
30country and at last passage was
blocked up and much blood shed
they feared and fled from the drawn
bows of Wanyamwezi but looked at
guns as having no harm in them -
35looked up to see thunderclouds in mute
amazement - and did not attempt
to use their very long spears though they
do produce fearful havoc in long grass

CXXXIII [v.1]

CXXXIII     Note
  Thundu = an antelope on Lualaba: size of a
large goat = lokolia colour or skin - Horns
straight & tapering about 4 inches ---

5

Chobela a river which runs into
Kamolondo - 3 days from Mpneto's

Lualaba rises 10 feet above the
present level - [  ] At times but
generally about 15 feet - then with
10the water now 15 feet would be
30 feet of depth at flood --- which
is said to occur annually -

---

Maluñgwe a reddish skinned animal

Many white birds flying North 2 Ibis religiosa

15

10th May - 1871 = river falling fast -
people leaving islands and camping
in higher land of forest

---

11th Kiziwa said to be name of Lake
Albert

20

  Balegga first after leaving this
then Kasongo = a large tribe
then Baziri or Wazire
- R   Lira - ^ or Luira black water?
- Banayuba
25- Babire on this side Lolinde
Lolinde did not cross but
Benya with bows & arrows
                    are on other side

---

---

  Bagenya on other side of
30Lualaba & Lindi - Lualaba
makes so much Westing that when we
are on other side Lomame we shall be
about 6 weeks from mouth of Congo
but then both Lualaba & Lomame
35take a vast sweep back to the Eastward
to fall into or recieve L Albert water

CXXII [v.2]

CXXXII - Journal - # 20th May 1871 - Abed
goes off down river today wisely for ivory
I am hindered by owner of canoe being
sick - a mere excuse I suspect. He says
5that when he has sold all his goods he
will give me men and go himself too
to finish my work - I said "Haki a
Mungu" - and he said yes of a truth
I replied then I will give you a thousad
10dollars on the spot - this is £200 -

---

---

        21st Abed followed his people who
went off yesterday - White is rubbed on the
Manyema fare as token of joy at a birth
or other glad event - black as mourning
15It is difficult to realize the state of those who
are utterly ignorant of the world besides
and have heard no news save spearing
each other - Men cutting paddles

---

---

        22nd Headman refuses to bring the
20canoe without reason - River steadily
rising - colour darkening - wreck less[  ]

        a young woman slave passed the word
all the others from Kuss near Lomame to
save their porridge and meat and with it pay
25their passage across Lualaba and escape - It was
discovered and all are enchained this morn-
-ing - People came back from Abed for
some others who ran away - The slaves are
big strongly built men and women much
30aspersion to the Zanzibar freedmen -
Illicit intercourse is the general course that
reduced to slavery = and women tempt
men more openly than anywhere else
I have seen - save in the Haymarket

---

---

35

            23d a party came today from Mamohela
to get a fresh haul of the ^ Bakuss slaves Babire ivory - Dugumbe
is conjectured to be near to Kasongo's -
Hassani says that we shall get canoes
and seems confident - The party West
40[  ] this [ ]ill return 7 days hence - [         ]

CXXXIII [v.2]

  CXXXIII     Journal - 24th May 1871         23
Market or chitoka a busy scene - every one in
dead earnest = little time is lost in friendly greetings
Then the vendors of fish run about with potsherds
5full of snails or small fishes or clarias dried or
fresh and exchange for cassava steeped & dried -
potatoes - vegetables - grain - bananas - flour -
palm oil - fowls -     Each is intensely in
earnest for food or relishes as salt -
10pepper and all make strong assertions
as to the goodness or badness of the articles
for barter and makes the sweat stands
in beads on the face and body - ^ squeeling pigs & iron
^ knives are changed for cloths - some hide their
15wares in the large wicker funnel above
the basket but smile if I shake the finger
at them - a woman let fall a piece of
bassava which was shivered into twenty pieces
then demanded another piece I looked at
20her and it was so manifestly unjust that
she laughed as I told her to take up her load &
be gone - They appeal to each other in these
cases and have a natural sense of justice
About three thousand attended - many from
25far - and much benefit is derived
The men flaunt about in gaudy lambas
in many folds kilt fashion = The women
work hardest - The potters slap and sing
their wares all round and invite buyers
30to use their eyes as well as their ears in testing
their value - I bought two fine porous
earthen bottles of about a gallon each
for one string of beads - The women carry
huge loads on their backs strapped to the
35shoulders and forehead = hands full
besides - the roundness of the pottery
is wonderful seeing no machines
used - Girls sell cups of water for a few fishes

---

---

      25th making two shirts -

40

      26thSThe canoe bought by Abed
is not # the property of       the vendor
                and the real owner refuses the
slave of Kalenga so the affair stands still =
and excuses are made of sickness &c -
45Hassani recommends seizure of
[    ] canoes as no [      ]ing can [        ]

[CXXXIV]

[      ]
    Several headmen came with a present of
two slaves to prevent a war which they have
fancied to be impending - assured that
5no attack is intended they dont believe it
When we force them to land canoes they
will conclude that they were right in their
fancy - I have been two months trying to buy
a canoe and now bamboozled by this head
10man's false pretences of ownership no
other headman will even remonstrate - All
knew that the trader was plundered by Kalenga
but no one would let us know - a very
strange people - Katomba's slave buyers
15went off this morning across Lualaba

---

        28th Hassani declared that since
he came here not a banana or bit   of
cassava had even been presented to him
Market I generally visit to see the fish
20and people one man offered me a few
small fish - another a sweet potato &
piece of cassava - then a third 2 small
fishes - but manyema are not liberal
saw a man with ten human jaw bones
25strung over his shoulder - Asked if he eat
the flesh - yes and taking his knife he
said I cut up a man this way - I expressd
disgust at which he and others   laughed
see many strange people every time I go
30Two nice girls were selling Gumbe or
roasted     white ants -

---

        29th Mologhwe Dambo & two others
came to mix blood with Hassani - It is
simply a small incision made on the
35arm & blood from each rubbed on the spot
He says that he has promised him ten
canoes to be brought as soon as the copper
party under Manilla comes back to us

---

        30th      River has fallen four inches
40within the last four days - colour black or
very dark brown - considerable quantities
of wreck still float down -

  copper safari returned today as
was appointed = successful -
45brought a little coffee and vani

[CXXXV]

31st Manilla got fo[  ] frasilahs of copper
bracelets 35 + 4 = 140 lbs - brought specimens
of vanilla pods which the natives mix
with their coffee - How they know to
5manipulate the flowers - Wisdom
dwells not with us alone = conceit of it does

---

        1st June 1871 - Saturday = chitoka -
This being the Arab unlucky fifth
month our departure is put off to the
10first of 6th month nine days hence
Manilla came yesterday from copper
bought 4½ frasilahs = Brought me
4 lbs of coffee unhusked or still in the
fruit find and dry - a day pot went
15for six plantains = small shrimps for sale

        2nd Hassani goes over Lualaba
today to speak about canoes - He is
confident of getting them - I am not -
Manyema are so untruthful it
20will come to seizure yet - But they
are very honest = we never lose an
article by them -

        3d    We had a discussion with
Hassani about these wretched Banian
25slaves and he denies complicity with them -
He meant to speak only of canoes not going far
not them though he spoke distinctly of my
return in a short time with him when he
had got his ivory - The slaves too protested
30that they never refused to obey me!! = though
they asserted that all declined to go further
the threat to take the guns alone cowed them
apart from this they were pleased with the
prospect of plundering Manyema and
35getting slave by this means = Send
men to speak about the canoe -

---

        4th I send five men to speak to the
headman Kalenga and to demand either
the canoe he sold or two others or the
40thousand cowries - three goats and beads
they are ordered to speak only and speak
much then come away - Kalenga cooly
says "Wait till Abed comes back and I
shall return the goods to him - this is
45childish but like Manyema - He was
told by Abed in the presence of two
headmen that he had given the canoe to
me and Kalenga was at once to deliver it
[  ] them on my account - He had it not!

CXXXVI

  CXXXVI Journal = 5 June 1871
men delayed for want of a canoe to ferry them
across - chitoka today brings many - The
speak to him only but must I fear seize
5canoes for there is no honour among them
I have been here for two months negotiating
for one and after paying an exhorbitant
price find that I am the victim of deliberate
falsehood = Hassani was all day yesterday
10talking to those who promised canoes and
he will get none = No one can concieve how
they dawdle and lie to get goods they mean
not to pay - The feeling of   importance imparted
by haggling with strangers is dear to their hearts.

---

15

            6th Mokandira's child died so we
are again hindered from going = Market
people beaten and plundered I paid
some who were robbed by my men slaves
I am sick at heart in knowing of these
20outrages = Manyema are bad but slaves
ten times worse -

---

          7th hindered by canoe though paid for
being given to another - I fear that we must
march on land which in front is extremely
25wet and muddy -

          8th River rose again six inches and
then fell three = water very dark brown &
much wreck - duckweed & grassy islands
float down = Rain nearly ceased = Great
30masses of cloud float down from NorWest
but more frequently go up from NorEast -

            9th Men went yesterday afternoon
to Kalenga - He refuses to refund the price
of the canoe to anyone but Abed =     tries
35to draw the real owner into a scrape by
complaining that he refused his slave as
price of the canoe and goats too = We have
nought to do with that and Think it best to
retire and let Abed punish him ^ if he
40likes - Hassani's canoes not come =
so we go on foot day after tomorrow
It is very grievous   to be cheated after
losing nearly three months in the business
but Kalenga has no canoe and I must not
45be the first to do what may be called injustice
The Arabs would like to see me using force
Dugumbe delays strangely but probably
by his divination declaring all this month
to be most unlucky - Wends tonight =
50Arab fifth month - Lord help me

[CXXXVII]

[      ]
New moon not appearing last night
prevents safari from starting tomorrow - 20
It is dangerous for a small party to go if
5like mine cowardly & mutinous =   No
one visits villages three miles off on account
of floods [     ] which never end =       No canoe
can be got for love or money = mixing the
blood     makes no friendship so I decline
10it when invited - Arabs do it with all
who have power but the Manyema do it
to get presents of beads and perform no
other duty of friendship = Elsewhere one
becomes a member of the family and
15his safety is ensured by information
against all enemies in the country - Here
all knew Kalenga's falsehood but were
silent!

---

---

      11th New ℂ last night - Dugumbe will
20leave Kasongo today - we leave on the 14th
Hassani over river for canoes but probably
in vain - River fell three inches in
the last three days - Much wreck floating
down - water colour of strong tea =

---

25

      12th Hassani has got 4 canoes and
hopes to get seven = the conduct of Kalenga
to me is not be endured - It is the most
childish impertinence because he thinks
nothing will be done to him but talk as
30Manyema do & have done for ages -
I send my men tomorrow to demand
either canoe or goods and to bind
him in case of refusal till he delivers
the one or the other - then buy a canoe
35and return with it = that the owner of
the canoe he sold without leave refuses
the woman he sent to buy with is to his
dark mind a sufficient excuse for
delivering neither money nor vessel
40I must wait for Dugumbe for I have
no powder and but few beads === He
will be here by the 20th currt =

---

      13th chitoka = men off to force Kalenga
to reason = if he refuses to refund to
45bind and give him a flogging - if It is
entirely lost then return and get
of my beads to buy another canoe
down the river - Kalenga fled -

CXXXVIII

CXXXVIII Journal 14th Hassani got nine
canoes - In 3 he put 63 persons - I   shall
send down the river on the left bank tomorrow
to try and buy one - Safari off this morning
5High winds have begun from South East and
shew cessation of the rains = Every thing
is drying as soap sugar mud &c

---

              15th canoe sent to get medicine for
a sick wife - detains us today - I paid for
10both medicine and canoe = and on

              16th got the men off very doubtful
if they will succeed in buying one for
all of them imitate the overbearing
manner of Zanzibar slaves

15

      Safari comes back from West with 2100
slaves 200 or   300 cowries per slave or 11-10
bunches of beards per head that is about 50
single strings about a foot long each =
River fallen a foot = Dugumbe near but
20detained by his divination

---

            17th stragglers come in from Dugumbe
large camp -     My people reached Tambu[  ]
yesterday and will get a canoe if they only have
a little common sense - a note from
25Palamotto says letters have come by Governor
for me and are at Ujiji = If I get a little
powder from Dugumbe & the canoe comes
I shall be ready to     run down the river

---

        18th The Arabs of Dugumbe's party saw
30Shereef flourishing   about my valuable
chronometer watch on his dirty body
This is like to break my heart - I have
no chronometer going - I suspect the
Longitude of Baker to be all wrong but
35cannot correct it - Dugumbe has
passed a short way down Lualaba to
build his Mosemba or dwelling place

---

        19th Heavy shower at 4 AM - last 19th
of June finished the rains - Dugumbe goes
40West to Lomame and across it when
his station here is built = this will open
all Lake Lincoln for he has an immense
party = 500-600 guns as Ujijians count
and is fond of going into new fields

CXXXIX

CXXXIX Journal = 20th June 1871 - Two
of the party of Dugumbe brought presents of         19
four large fundos of beads each = I am
waiting   for my people and canoe. Katomba's
5people came back from the West yesterday
well satisfied with fine slaves cheap -
I look [ ] on the drove they brought un
chained with a sort of pleasure after
looking at many not traded for but
10murdered for -

---

          21st Dugumbe found it best to
come back to the chitoka here - He says
that he will buy me a canoe if my men
fail in getting one = This stirs up Hassani
15and Manilla = who might have
got a tenth for me with their nine

---

          22nd Visited Dugumbe = He sends
back to Ujiji two months hence and
I shall send then for goods - and
20make it a point to come back here

---

          23 = a touch fof fever first here

---

          24th better and thankful = the
Bakuss have flat Egyptian feet
women's round foreheads and the
25rest of the head slopes backwards
and upwards = a stout built
race both men and women good slaves

---

---

        25th Hassani's son circumcised
caused a feast

---

30

        26th Hassani's boat party foiled by narrows
4 days down - a canoe tilted over & 5 lives lost
Banian slaves come back - people all
fled and blamed Kolokolo's men for
killing and stealing their relations - p[     ]
35follow another [    ]te for Hassani's men
were shot at in the rapids with arrows &
Kolokolo's deeds blamed - Oh horrible!!

---

      27th a cataract on North side of the
Luamo prevents my going up the
40river to Kamolondo -

CXL

CXL. Journal 27th June 1871 continued
It is in answer to my prayers that I have
been mercifully prevented from going
down river for I would have been the
5leading canoe into the narrows and it
is said cataract beyond the entrance
a dyke of rock cuts across country &
the two points of it a little ajar cause
the enormous mass of water to wheel
10behind one and make a whirlpool
in which canoes are carried round & round
helplessly - Had we gone down Luamo
as I wished the same danger would have
been incurred = I now go across to the
15Lomame - buy a canoe there and go up
to Katanga = It is probable that the Dyke
down river runs across into Lomame
so even if past the first narrows we
should have others to ascend in Lomame

---

20

        I wrote to Moenemokaia to take
my watch from Shereef and keep it till
a safe conveyance turned up - and
as Shereef used monthly 3 dotis calico
for himself - 2 Do for his woman 2 Do
25for each of his slaves besides beads and
knew he was breaking consuls orders - he
was to be delivered to the Governor for Seyed
Majid = I dont know whether Syed bin
Majid will do as I say but all will see that
30I feel very sore as to the watch and that
I am without one to measure distances
and position = Shereef brought 8 cases
of brandy for his own use and made
my porters carry it so I paid for the drunk
35ards swill = I asked also why he had
destroyed the consult's packet containing
the list of goods & notice of the watch -
I shall send by Dugumbe's people for my
goods and will come back here to recieve
40them

  River fallen 32 feet - dark brown water
and wreck still floating down

CXL [CXLI]

CXL. Journal = 27 June cont.ed Kauzene =         16
                              gave a Zouady of beads
Kisingite above as well as below this
so I go west to Lomame & probably
5escape the basaltic dyke if it goes so far
West

---

        28th eight villages in flames on the
other side Lualaba = The Bagenya
are seizing the country of Mohombo
10and all the straggling people of this
camp are over helping on the
begun by     Manilla Syde Habib's slave
work of destruction ^ and catching slaves
or rather free people to be made into
15slaves = nothing surprised me more
in England than the numbers of
persons met with who would
fain be slave owners - Persons
of the seedy scribe class asked
20with an air of concern   Will the
Africans work? Yes if you can
pay them = the lengthening of visage
caused by this answer told as
plainly as looks can tell that seedy
25had speculated on gratuitously
employing the labour of others
though it was evident that he
sorely needed to be employed him
-self in something else than penny
30a lining =             The Bagenya
are fishermen by taste and sell
the produce of their nets & weirs
to the other tribes who cultivate
the soil at the different markets

---

---

35

  29th Manilla's foray burns ten
village for a debt of 3 slaves
whose price he advanced =
The villagers are our market people

CXLII

CXLII. Journal 30th June 1871
1st July = Sunday = Went to Dugumbe and told
him my plan was to go with the safari he
sends West to Lomame - then buy a canoe
5and go up the Lake towards Katanga
visit the excavations and return to this
place if he would get his people to bring
some of my goods from Ujiji =   He
said that he would write out my order
10that the natives here and on the other
side had been poisoned against me
I know that this is the case but have
kept quiet - The Muhamadans are
unmitigated Liars and say that "I dont
15want slaves nor ivory but I want to
kill people" and they persuaded them
not to sell a canoe to me but let them
have all = Hassani knows it all =
but swears that he does not join in the
20slander and did not know of Manillas
foray = pointing up to Heaven = &c &c
The falsehood of Muhamad has been
transmitted to his followers -

            2nd July 1871 = The upper stratum of
25clouds is from the NorWest = the lower from
the South East - When they mix or change
places the temperature is much lowered
Morning fogs shew river to be warmer
than the air

---

30

          3rd Safari of Hassani off down
river and on land entirely - Leaves the
unfortunates who turned back after;
actually reaching the ivory = gave him
and Abed hints as to meeting with Bakers
35to report themselves and me to the head
of Pasha Bakers expedition & not flee -

---

CXLIII

CXLIII Journal - 4th July 1871 = ill

5th Dugumbe promises assistance in         14
buying a canoe at Lomame = and
powder = says what I know otherwise
5that the Banian slaves have been
chief propagators of the slander
among the Manyema that I "wanted
no slaves nor ivory but only to
kill people"- Susi - Chumah hear
10it all and remain quiet = Dugumbe
has nearly finished his house and
Safari is to be on 9th or 10th =
the seconday of the New ℂ Fungo 7 -
It is not open refusal now but secret
15villany and slander I have to
contend against in the Banian slaves

---

---

          5th [ ] River fallen
3 feet in all - that is one foot
since the 27th June = dark brown

---

---

20

          6th consult Dugumbe & offer
1000 dollars for other attendants =
kill a Tassa goat = I am unable to
buy any by Shereefs villainy =

---

6th con. Mokandira and other head
25men of Nyangwe came with a
pig - also goat as a present on
my going away - I refused
till I come back and protested
against the slander about my
30wishing to kill people = this will
be widely reported =

---

---

          7th woman reproved for
beating a slave frequently came and
apologized and we made friends
35again telling to speak softly as
she was now the slaves mother
slave came from beyond Lomame
and must have been a lady

CXLIV

CXLIV Journal - 8th July 1871 -
Kimburu comes to mix blood with Dugumbe
today and will give him 3 or 4 slaves -     He has
performed the ceremony with four traders and
5seems anxious for peace and friendship

---

        9th Dugumbe advised explaining
my plan of going to Lomame & thence to
Katanga and excavations to see what the
Banian slaves will object to - I did so
10this morning but no remarks were
made - these may come at River only
and stop me again = they only participate
in the Arab slander - I am the pioneer
say they others will follow and kill and
15take the country - What can the poor people
do but believe the Moslem lies - the Lord
open the way for me =

          River fallen three inches since 5th curt

---

        10th Manyema children do not
20creep as do others on their knees -
but begin by putting forward one
foot and using one knee = I have
seen a child use both feet and the
hands but never the knees = !!
25New ℂ last night = 7th month of Arabs
              Many guns fired at blood mixing

---

11th Chitoka = bought ten different
species of small fish and sketched
eight = most are the same as on
30Nyassa = a very active species of
glanis of dark olive brown colour
was not sketched but a spotted
one with offensive spine on back was
Sesamum seed abundant now =
35and cakes of pounded ground nuts as
on the West coast = the new comers
have been taught by the market women
to deal fairly and not overreach them
they are certainly clever traders and
40prefer dealing in the market to any
where else = there they are in countenance
by each other

CXLV

    CXLV - Journal 12th July 1871 -         13
The Banian slaves told me that they
would go to Lomame but no further
This I suspected would be the case -
5I report to Dugumbe and if he does not
help must go back to Bambarre and
send to Zanzibar for other people
I am fairly in the power of the
Ujijian slaves - Shereef destroys
10my letters = the Governor does
the same to prevent evidence of
his plunder going to the coast
Lord help me -       When told that
they would lose all their pay they
15said they would not lose their lives
and would be employed by others & get
more pay = Dugumbe will speak to
them -

---

---

    13th Dugumbe came and spoke to
20the Banian slaves = They profess to
wish to go back to Ujiji to bring
Shereef as a leader -     They have no
one to beat them say they or order
them = The upshot was that they refuse
25to go and it was well to let Dugumbe
hear them say we "Hawezi"     are
unable = non possumus =
I then said to Dugumbe I have goods at
Ujiji I dont know how many but
30they are considerable = Take them all
and give me men and if not enough
I will add to them = only dont let
me be forced to return to Ujiji so
near the end of my work -       He said
35that he would consult his company
and form a plan =

---

14th Dugumbe consulted his
Arab company and one Adie said
to me your slaves are very bad shewing
40that Dugumbe had given a truthful
account of them = I am distressed
& perplexed what to do so as not
to be foiled but all seems against me

CLVII

CLVII. Note Manyema Nyangwe = 18
12 July 1871 = our statesmen seem to have
come to the conclusion that Railways
and Telegraphs will be better managed
5by the Government than by private
companies - The reasons for that
seem to apply to the Great Newspapers
as the "Times" which are certainly
not so well managed for the safety
10of the nation by private anonymous
contributors as they would be
by the agents of Government
both angency and public official
being responsible to the country
15nothing could be more dangerous
to the welfare of the country   than
pigheaded effusions of a secret con-
        or               club frequenters
clave indulging in merciless vi-
20-tuperation against Louis Napoleon
who in spite of the extremest
abuse which could be raked up
against him in ^ specimens ancient & modern
railing has proved himself to be
25a wise and able ruler - a true friend
to France and a good ally to England
Then again the Times laboured to
misrepresent the Northerners in
th[ ]        great Black war - It was
30t[     ] our great misleading Journal
and the utmost efforts of our
statesmen were required to prevent
the b[  ]ghtful calamity of a war
with the United States which was
35imminent through the hole and
corner machinations of irrespons
ible penny a liners = Every Northern
victory was noticed with the in-
sulting insinuation that it must
40be remembered that the account
came through Northern channel[ ]

CLVIII

CLVIII Notes = Southern successes
were issued without any such damaging warning
Why were Englishmen kept in the dark as
to the steady crushing advances of the North
5ern army on Richmond while the
Journal Des Debats gave truthful
news of the War - Simply because
the ruling power has influence in
France which Government unfortu
10nately does not possess in England
them who can tell the harm done
to our name and arms by divulging
all the secrets of the Crimean war
This led to a compromise in the
15suppression of the Indian mutiny
by which the irresponsible con-
-clave brought the Indian command
to its knees - Is it for the honour
or dignity of England that this secret
20Inquisition should be tolerated
Is it not a fact that the Times of
late years is always in the wrong
always on the losing side - Nothing
could shew the need of guidance
25from a superior power than the late
affair in Jamaica - The Times
talked and railed but the Govt
aware of the outrageous legis-
lation that inevitably led to the
30outbreak applied the common
sense remedy by abolishing the
legislative assembly = We English
have been so accustomed to feel
proud that by the freedom of the
35Press our rulers could be bearded
that we we have allowed a secret
Inquisition to ride roughshod
over all law and order and
make itself supreme in defiance
40of dignity and common sense

CLXII

Notes CLXII = Uruko Kuss or Kuns name of coffee -
Kanone = Manyema name of Ibis religiosa -
Makéssi Do Do of oysters =   Pearls are said
to be found in them but no use is made
5of them = never strung = boreing not thought [  ]

---

{text description}
Note send for frasila samsam[ ]
          Frasilahs Langio --- 3 -
          Frasilahs Pink ---         3
10          Jorahs americano -         30
          Jorahs Kanikeo --         30
china box of Tea -- Indianlata        2
Pack china Tea     Wine         4
          clothing - 4 shirts -
15Medicines 4 Tr[    ]rs --- stockings
      Pens = Paper letters ink
[      ] - Watch = [      ]
[   ]

---

[      ] sugar - candles
20    By Dugumbe's men =

CLXIII

CLXIII       Note = The Manyema are so afriad of guns that
[ ]ne gets the loan of a musket to settle any disputed
claim - merely carrying it on his shoulder gives him 22
all the influence he needs though it is known that he
5[   ]not use it = spears are disregarded = however
[ ]any one may have - but a musket is potent

---

---

Note = 24th May - The party that came through
from Mamohela report a great fight at
Mwana mpunda's and they saw the dead
10cut up for cooking with bananas - This
[ ]onforms Rashid's evidence - Mokandirwa
[   ] chief at Nyangwe says that they eat those
[ ]illed in war only - that the meat is not
good[ ] and it makes the eater dream of the dead
15Another man not so trustworthy said that
it is saltish and even peppery = needs but
a little condiment - It seems      to be cannibal-
-ism out of revenge or to inspire courage

---

Note Gulu deity above or Heaven -
20Mamvu = earth = Gulu is personal &
men on death go to him - Nkoba lightning

---

Note = Zurampela is about ^ N West
of this - in going thither 3 days off the
[ ]uive R. of very red water is crossed
25Mabila R recieves it into its very dark
water which flows into Lualaba

---

Note = many oysters in Lualaba - The
shells very thick and deformed by inse[    ]
It is probable that Pearls are in them

---

30

Kalonda = salt springs on West side of the
Lualaba - not hot - boiled for salt

---

Kirila islet 3 miles below Nyangwe
Magoyado 6 do - people and trees on it

Kūla or Nkula name of salt lagoon on
35West of Lualaba -

Lualaba is never fordatable anywhere at
anytime except by canoes

---

Two days from this a rapid exists [      ]e
[   ] side of the river = this side a[        ]
40Kirians its name =

---

Rice in ear in 73 days = D
[   ][      ] = m[ ]